History The Emergence Of The Basic Principles
Definition
The word "principle" comes from the Latin word "principium" which means the main cause, origin or basis. The principle can also mean 'a basic rules which express the basic values of a community group that does not change under any circumstances.' For example, awards to individuals is an underlying principle of independence.
Platform
The number of National Society of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies working in the context of different, with tens of millions of members, the Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies have various colors. More than that, his job basically consists of daily activities that are practical and are frequently improvised. In order to overcome these differences, minimize discrepancies and fostering actions that are consistent and effective, requires movement of a universal standard for reference, a set of policies and general approach, in other words, the Basic Principles.
Limitation
Movement on the job is relatively simple at first, because the task is limited to providing assistance to the wounded soldiers and sick in times of war. But with the passage of time, the task becomes more widespread and diverse. To still be able to control the growing activities, and avoid fragmentation, Movement formulate their own principles to be known by all people and to better be able to define their type of humanitarian activities.
Origins
Before the motion to adopt the Basic Principles of seven currently available, has many categories the proposed principle. Proposal of the Basic Principles for the Movement, originally contained in the Declaration of Oxford (1946), but the text is still rough and loose. In 1949, the Basic Principles also mentioned in the convention I (art. 44) and the Convention IV (Article 63). Further developed in 1955 when Jean Pictet began writing in a systematic study and divided into 2 categories Principles of Basic Principles (fumandental) and Principles of Organic (Organic). In the context of the Red Cross, a principle according to Jean Pictet is the rules that required action, based on the consideration and experience, which regulates the activities of all components of the Movement at all times. Since 1965, Pictet book became a written justification and was officially announced in Viena, konverensi International Red Cross and Red Crescent to-20. however, the new idea in 1979, Pictet write a description of the Principles he writes. Officially, Konverensi International Red Cross and Red Crescent to-25 Seven Principles adopted and put into the opening of the new statute. The seven basic principles that include: Humanity, Equality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary, unity and universality.
Meaning and Categories
The seven principles of unity is one that can not be separated. These principles can be seen as a pyramid that would be damaged if one part falls or is taken. Although each section tied to each other, and dependent, each has its own role. These principles can be divided into three categories, namely:
Principles of Substantive / main, including Humanity and Equality
These principles serve as the inspiration organization, is the purpose of the movement, determining actions in wartime, at the time of natural disasters or other activity undertaken to serve mankind.
Principles of Derivative / derivative, including neutrality and independence
The principle that allows to apply the principle of substance / primary, ensuring confidence in everyone and allow movement to reach its goals without any problems.
Principles and organic, including Volunteerism, unity and universality.
These principles as a standard for the application, associated with organizational structure and operations, is the 'foundation stone' of the Movement. Without this movement can not act or will fade away.
Relations Across the principle
These principles are interconnected. The relationship between the principle is very logical, so that at some level every principle derived from other principles.
The principle of non-discrimination (equality) associated with the core principle of Humanity. "Race and religion are not important to me. Just the fact that you are suffering, "said Louis Pasteur. This statement explains that the concept of non-discrimination is widely associated with the concept of Humanity. One supports the other. The principle of proportional (in similarity) derived from the principles of humanity and non-discrimination (Equal). Can be added to the statement Pasteur "... and I'm going to take care on the basis of the severity of your pain. "greatest assistance should be given to those who have the greatest needs. Special attention to "balance / proportionality" is a logical consequence of the above two principles.
Neutrality and independence are not only intertwined with each other, but also related to non-discrimination (equality). Of course one can not declare themselves neutral while he was under the control of others. Similarly, one can not declare itself independent if he is impartial. Smallest carelessness in this regard will lead one of the principle is sound empty and meaningless. Because of these two principles really are interdependent with one another, and are integral to the principle of non-discrimination, which appears as an obligation to act without favoritism.
Volunteerism (including no strings attached) related to Humanity. To claim that someone "has a sense of charity towards others" or "to suffer with them" (two definsi which can be given to the principle of humanity) are not calculated in accordance with the attitude and selfishness. Nature is not disinterested is thus one aspect of this principle. Unity associated with non-discrimination (equality): unity means that only one national association in each country. As is evident, there is great risk that the National Society may be affected or a tendency to fall into a particular view. Thus, non-discrimination is essential for unity. Universals are part of the continuation of humanitarian and non-discrimination. Humanitarian principles not only apply to the suffering of those close to us (discrimination). If so then "have a sense of charity toward others" become pure again because it only comes on certain people only. So logically, Humanitarian and non-discrimination is universal.
Implementation of Basic Principles of Activity insufficient reddish
a) Humanities
"Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent International was founded based on the desire to give aid without discrimination victims who were injured in the fighting, preventing and overcoming human suffering. Red Cross foster mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace for mankind. "
Represent the origin of movement, humanitarian principle that should not be any services that benefit a person suffering from wherever they are, eliminated. The aim is to protect life and health and ensure respect for human beings. In times of peace, the protection means to prevent disease, disasters or accidents or reduce the effect by saving lives (eg First Aid training). In times of war, the meaning is providing assistance to those who are protected by HPI (so the victim does not die of hunger, not treated arbitrarily arbitrary, or not disappear). Humanitarian enhancing mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace for humanity.
b) Equality
"This movement does not make a difference on the basis of nationality, ethnicity, religion or political views. The aim solely to reduce human suffering in accordance with their needs and giving priority to the most severe circumstances "
Non-discrimination against nationality, race, religion, class or political opinion is a mandatory rule which requires that all differences between individuals excluded, that the friends and enemies are equally assisted, and given the consideration of the needs. Aid priorities should be based on the level proportional to kedaruratannya and want to overcome suffering.
c) Neutrality
"To continually earn the trust of all parties, the Movement may not take sides or get involved in political conflict, ethnicity, religion or ideology."
Neutrality means refraining from taking sides in political issues, religion, race or ideology. If the Red Cross or Red Crescent siding, they will lose the trust of one group of people and it is difficult to continue their ativitas. Each member of the Movement can be sued for restraint, be neutral and not express their opinions during on duty.
d) Independence
"This movement is independent. National Association of His government in addition to helping the humanitarian field, also must comply with state regulations, must always maintain their autonomy so that they can act in accordance with the principles of this movement. "
In general, independence means that the institution of the Red Cross and Red Crescent reject any kind of intervention that are political, ideological or economic that could divert them from the path of activities that have been set by the demands of humanity. For example, should not accept donations from anyone who requires that peruntukkannya intended for specific groups of people based on political reasons, ethnicity or religion to the exclusion of other groups whose needs may be more urgent. There is no institution of the Red Cross was allowed was a tool of government policy. Although the National Association recognized by the government as a government tool, and should be subject to local law, they must always maintain their autonomy in order to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement all the time.
e) Voluntary
"This movement is a voluntary relief movement, which is not based on the desire to seek any advantage."
Volunteerism is a proposal that is not selfish of someone who is carrying out a specific task to someone else in the spirit of human brotherhood. Is done without charge or for a recognition or compensation, the main factor is that its implementation is not a desire for financial gain but by personal commitment and loyalty to the humanitarian objectives.
f) Unity
"In a country there is only one association of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is open to all people and carry out humanitarian tasks in the entire region."
The principle of unity specifically related to the institutional structure of the National Society. In any country, government regulations that recognize a National Society is usually stated that the Association is the only National Association that can carry out all activities in the national territory. The fact that the Society is the only one in the country is also one of the requirements to be recognized by the ICRC.
g) Universals
"Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent International is the nature of the universe. Each National Society has the right and the same responsibilities in helping fellow human beings. "
The universality of suffering requires that the universe is also a response. The principle of universality demands collective responsibility on the part of the Movement. Equality of status and rights of the National Society is reflected in the fact that the conference and the Movement government agencies, each National Society has one vote, which prohibits giving it voting rights or special permanent seats to a particular National Society.
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